Preparation of magnetic core-shell Ce-doped zirconia and its As(III) adsorption properties

A new magnetic mesoporous As(III) adsorbent of Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@Ce-ZrO₂ was prepared by solvothermal and sol-gel method. The core-shell adsorbent presented a high specific surface area (168.2 m²/g) and fast magnetic separation performance (5.37 A·m²/kg). Compared with Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@ZrO₂, the Ce-doped sample exhibited 12%-23% increase in As(III) uptake over pH 3-11, which was mainly attributed to the formation of bimetal M—O—As complexes. The coexisted and weakened As(III) adsorption, Ca²⁺ worked oppositely, but the impact of Cl^- and was negligible. The As(III) maximum adsorption capacity was 24.52 mg/g at 313 K with an initial As(III) concentration of 5 mg/L at pH 7, and its kinetics was well fitted by the pseudo-second-order model. Moreover, the adsorbent exhibited remarkable recyclability. It is suggested that Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@Ce-ZrO₂ is a promising adsorbent for the advanced treatment of As(III) contaminated wastewater.     

Exploration on the origin of enhanced piezoelectric properties in transition-metal ion doped KNN based lead-free ceramics

In this work, we studied effects of Ni₂O₃ and Co₂O₃ doping on crystal structures, microstructures, orthorhombic and tetragonal phase transition temperature (T_o-t), and electrical properties of [Li_0.06(Na_0.57K_0.43)_0.94][Ta_0.05(Sb_0.06Nb_0.94)_0.95]O₃ (LNKTSN) lead-free ceramics. The experimental results showed that the Ni₂O₃ addition with appropriate amount could shift the T_o-t downwards to the room temperature, and thus obviously increasing the room-temperature piezoelectric coefficient (d₃₃), dielectric coefficient (ε_r) and electromechanical coupling coefficient (k_p) of the LNKTSN ceramics. These were consistent with previous experimental results obtained in Fe₂O₃ doped LNKTSN ceramics. On the contrary, Co³⁺ doping shifted continuously the T_o-t upward and deteriorated obviously piezoelectric properties of LNKTSN ceramics. Fe, Co and Ni had similar ion radii and were expected to result in the same (donor or acceptor) doping effects on electrical properties of LNKTSN ceramics. The different doping effects between Co³⁺ (deterioration) and Ni³⁺ or Fe³⁺ (improvement) on the electrical properties of LNKTSN ceramics suggested that the coexistence of orthorhombic and tetragonal phases at room temperature due to downward shift of T_o-t, rather than ion doping (donor or acceptor doping) effects was the main cause for enhanced room-temperature piezoelectric properties. This conclusion can be extended to all KNN-based materials in general, thus offering principle guide for future development of new lead-free materials with good piezoelectric properties.     

Effects of anion and cation doping on the thermoelectric properties of n-type PbS

The PbCl_xS_1-x and Pb_1-xBi_xS (x? =?0–0.05) bulks were fabricated with a facile method of hydrothermal synthesis and microwave sintering, and the effect of anionic and cationic donors on the thermoelectric performance of PbS was investigated. Although Cl^? and Bi³⁺ both effectively improved the thermoelectric properties of n-type PbS, more excellent thermoelectric performance was obtained from Cl^? doped samples because of higher electrical property and lower thermal conductivity at higher temperature (T? >?600?K). The thermoelectric figure of merit (ZT) reaches 1.04 for PbCl_0.015S_0.985 at 800?K and increases with temperature increasing without sign of saturation, which is probably the highest value ever reported for single-phase polycrystalline n-type PbS. The results also indicate that the hydrothermal synthesis and microwave sintering can realize anion doping as well as cation doping for n-type PbS at low cost, and PbS should be a robust alternative for PbTe thermoelectric materials.     

Yttrium doping of Ba0.5Sr0.5Co0.8Fe0.2O3-δ part II: Influence on oxygen transport and phase stability

Ba_0.5Sr_0.5Co_0.8Fe_0.2O_3-δ (BSCF) in its cubic perovskite phase has attracted much interest for potential use as oxygen transport membrane (OTM) due to its very high oxygen permeability at high temperatures. However, performance degradation due to a sluggish phase decomposition occurs when BSCF is operated below 840?°C. Partial B-site substitution of the transition metal cations in BSCF by larger and redox-stable cations has emerged as a potential strategy to improve the structural stability of cubic BSCF. In this study, the influence of yttrium doping (0…10?mol-%) on oxygen transport properties and stability of the cubic BSCF phase is assessed by in situ electrical conductivity relaxation (ECR) and electrical conductivity measurements during long-term thermal annealing both at 700?°C and 800?°C. Detailed phase analysis is performed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) after long-term annealing of the samples in air at different temperatures.     

Properties of polyamide 6,10/poly(vinyl alcohol) blends and impact on oxygen barrier performance

The oxygen transmission rate, average volume of free‐volume cavities (V_f) and fractional free volume (F_v) of polyamide 6,10 (PA610)/poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) (i.e. PA610_xPVA⁰⁵_y, PA610_xPVA⁰⁸_y and PA610_xPVA¹⁴_y) blend films reduced to minimum values when their PVA contents reached corresponding optimal values. Oxygen transmission rate, V_f and F_v values obtained for optimal PA610_xPVA^z_y blown films were reduced considerably with decreasing PVA degrees of polymerization. The oxygen transmission rate of the optimal bio‐based PA610₈₀PVA⁰⁵₂₀ blown film was only 2.4 cm³ (m²·day·atm)^?1, which is about the same as that of the most often used high‐barrier polymer, ethylene–vinyl alcohol copolymer. Experimental findings from dynamic mechanical analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy of the PA610_xPVA^z_y blends indicate that PA610 and PVA in the blends are miscible to some extent at the molecular level when the PVA contents are less than or equal to the corresponding optimal values. The considerably enhanced oxygen barrier properties of the PA610_xPVA^z_y blend films with optimized compositions are attributed to the significantly reduced local free‐volume characteristics. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry     

Investigation of flame characteristics using various design parameters in a pulverized coal burner for oxy‐fuel retrofitting

In oxy‐coal combustion for carbon capture and storage, oxygen and recirculated CO₂ are used as oxidizers instead of air to produce CO₂‐rich flue gas. Owing to differences between the physical and chemical properties of CO₂ and N₂, the development of a burner and boiler system based on fundamental understanding of the flame type, heat transfer, and NOx emission is required. In this study, computational fluid dynamic analysis incorporating comprehensive coal conversion models was performed to investigate the combustion characteristics of a 30 MWth tangential vane swirl pulverized coal burner. Various burner design parameters were evaluated, including the influence of the burner geometry on the swirl strength, direct O₂ injection, and O₂ concentrations in the primary and secondary oxidizers. The flame characteristics were sensitive to the oxygen concentration in the primary oxidizer. The performance of direct O₂ injection around the primary oxidizer with low O₂ concentration was dependent on the mixing of the fuel and oxidizer. The predictions showed that swirl number adjustment and careful direct oxygen injection design are essential for retrofitting air‐firing pulverized coal burners as oxy‐firing burners.     

最低点火温度条件下煤粉自燃特性试验研究

火电厂及煤化工行业中需要将原煤加工成煤粉,煤粉在制备及输送过程中具有粒度小、环境温度高和供氧条件充分等特点,易发生自燃现象。最低点火温度Tm指在一定条件下煤粉能够发生自燃的最低环境温度,是衡量煤粉自燃危险性的重要参数。因此,研究煤粉在最低点火温度下的自燃特性参数及热动力学行为,对了解在最低点火温度时煤粉自燃行为、建立相应的预警机制具有重要意义。以3种不同变质程度的煤粉(张家卯弱黏煤ZJM、兖州气煤YZ和长治贫瘦煤CZ)为研究对象,采用油浴程序控温试验装置对煤样自燃特性进行测试,确定了3种煤粉的Tm和延迟点火时间ti;得出最低点火温度下各煤样耗氧速率、CO及C2H4产生量的变化规律;采用热动力学分析方法计算了3种煤粉的表观活化能。试验结果表明:①ZJM、YZ和CZ煤粉的最低点火温度分别为120、130、164℃,随变质程度的增加而增加;煤的变质程度越高,内部活性基团数量越少,自燃需要热量更多,导致高变质程度煤的最低点火温度较高;3种煤粉在最低点火温度处的延迟点火时间均约为20 min。②耗氧速率呈现出先增加后缓慢减少的趋势,在试验后期由于氧气浓度较低,引起煤粉氧化反应强度降低,最终导致耗氧速率出现缓慢下降;最低点火温度处的CO产生量随时间呈现出先升高后降低趋势,当煤粉温度约120℃时,产生C2H4。③最低点火温度处ZJM、YZ和CZ煤粉的表观活化能分别为24.33、29.50和18.67 kJ/mol,其中变质程度最高的CZ煤粉的表观活化能低于另外2个煤样,这表明高变质程度煤样的最低点火温度高,初期氧化反应速率较高。     

压力与温度敏感涂料用高分子粘结剂的研究进展

压力敏感涂料(PSP)以及温度敏感涂料(TSP)是通过光学手段研究物体表面压力和温度的功能涂层。简述了气体在聚合物中的渗透机理,发光分子氧猝灭以及热猝灭机理,综述了国内外PSP、TSP中常用的高分子粘结剂,并对PSP、TSP所用高分子粘结剂的未来发展方向进行了展望。这两种涂层均由高分子粘结剂和发光分子探针组成,PSP通过发光探针与氧分子作用产生的光物理行为变化来反映压力大小,TSP是通过发光探针随模型表面温度变化导致光物理行为变化来反映温度高低。目前,已发展的PSP用高分子粘结剂主要为氧透过率较高的含硅聚合物及丙烯酸酯类聚合物;已发展的TSP用高分子粘结剂主要为氧透过率较低的聚苯乙烯、聚丙烯腈、聚氨酯等。高分子粘结剂的主链结构、侧基种类与极性、分子间堆砌密度以及与发光分子相互作用,对涂层光物理性能、力学性能以及与基材结合力产生影响。因此,研究PSP与TSP中的高分子粘结剂对于未来两种技术的优化以及一定特殊要求下的应用有较为重要的意义。     

铁-镍双掺杂方钴矿的合成与热电性能

采用微波加热合成结合放电等离子体烧结制备了铁-镍双掺杂方钴矿Co_(3.8-x)Fe_xNi_(0.2)Sb_(12) (x=0.05, 0.10, 0.15, 0.20)块体材料,并对其物相组成、晶粒尺寸、元素分布、热电性能等进行了系统研究。X射线衍射分析表明,样品X射线衍射峰与单相CoSb_3相符;场发射扫描电镜分析表明,样品晶粒尺寸为1～3μm、平均尺寸为1～2μm,各元素均匀分布;电性能分析表明,Ni/Fe双掺杂对电输运性能有进一步改善,最高功率因子为2.667×10~3μW·(m·K~2)~(-1);热性能分析表明,Fe掺杂对晶格热导率影响较小,晶格热导率与晶粒尺寸有关,主要热输运机制为晶界散射,Co_(3.65)Fe_(0.15)Ni_(0.2)Sb_(12)的最小晶格热导率为2.8 W·(m·K)~(-1)。Co_(3.7)Fe_(0.1)Ni_(0.2)Sb_(12)在773 K获得最大热电优值0.50,显著高于传统方法制备的Ni/Fe单掺杂或者双掺杂样品。